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Hercules Air-to-Air Refuelling 1982
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Hercules Tanker modification
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XV179 at Ascension April 1982
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XV296 arrives at Wideawake 1982
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XV206 Tanker at Port Stanley
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Day-to-day
tasks
On a typical
mission in early August, a Hercules C Mk 1 (K) and two Victor
K Mk
2s
were
required to get one Hercules PLR2 from Ascension to Port
Stanley. While the two Hercules proceeded together, one Victor
took on 41,000 lb (18 598 kg) of fuel to bring its tankage
back to the full 123,000 lb (55 793 kg), before continuing
to rendezvous with the two Hercules; the first Victor then
returned to Ascension.
Some four hours into the mission,
the primary Hercules took on 23,000 lb (10433 kg) from
the Hercules tanker, which an hour later topped up with 48,000
lb (21773 kg) from the remaining Victor, the latter then
returning to Ascension. Finally the transport Hercules
received
a further 22,000 lb (9980 kg) of fuel from the Hercules
tanker, both aircraft at this point having sufficient fuel
to return
to Ascension.' the tanker turned back and the PLR2 continued
to Stanley.
There have been a couple of missions where landings did
prove impossible, at the end of the outward flight, and passengers
were treated to 25 or so hours of ear-battering to little
avail. Two emergency diversions to Brazil also occurred during
August, one when a probe tip broke during refuelling - the
only such incident to date with the Hercules - and the other
with an engine problem.
Between 15th and 28th August, the runway at Port Stanley
was closed for extension and improvement. In this period,
the Hercules maintained a regular service to airdrop supplies
and also to collect mail, using the snatch method developed
at short notice during June/July at the Joint Air Transport
Establishment based at Brize Norton. The equipment in the
aircraft comprises a grappling hook trailed on 150 ft (45,6
m) of nylon rope, and a pair of powered winches used to wind
the rope, hook and mail bag back onto the aircraft after
the snatch. Ground equipment comprises two poles 22 ft (6,7
m) tall and 50 ft (15,2 m) apart, with a loop of nylon rope
slung between and the mail bag (up to 100 lb/45 kg in weight)
attached to this loop by another 150 ft (45.6 m) length of
rope. The poles are set up so that the rope between is at
right angles to the wind, and DZ (Drop Zone) markers are
set up at 300 ft (91 m) and 600 ft (183 m) distance on the
approach. Trailing the grappling hook, the Hercules flies
at 50 ft (15.2 in) above ground level to snatch the bag.
About 30 snatches were made in this way before sufficient
length of runway was again available at Port Stanley, with
AM2 matting laid, for the Hercules to resume landings.
Crews flying the Hercules into Stanley in the early days
after the surrender found that care was needed during take-off
to avoid the crater from the first Vulcan "Black Buck" mission,
then still not adequately repaired. Heavy weight take-offs
(unlike those by the Argentine Hercules, which needed only
small fuel loads to reach home base) meant that the wheels
were sometimes still in contact with the ground when the
crater was reached. Conversely, heavy weight landings produced
no difficulties, and as VMC (minimum control speed) increases
with weight, handling was firm and positive.
Now that routines have become well established, crews normally
night stop or "slip" at RAF Stanley (as the base
at Port Stanley airfield is now known), flying the return
leg next day. They are detached from Lyneham to Wideawake
for periods of about three weeks at a time, allowing for
six round trips to Stanley; these are sufficient to use up
the monthly flying allowance, despite an increase in duty
hours from 120 to 160.
Between each detachment to Stanley,
crews spend two months in the UK, during which time special
attention has to be paid to training in the skills required
for normal European operations - despite the increased
hours, the nature of the flying in the South Atlantic tends
to be
less demanding in some respects and skills can become blunted. The four Hercules tankers were, for the time being, permanently
deployed to the South Atlantic, and by dividing these between
Wideawake and Stanley the need for Victor support for the
tankers which was gradually reduced.
Some of the 16 probed
Hercules C Mk 1’s remained more-or-less permanently
based at Wideawake for the flights south; the remainder of
the Mk 1’s, plus all the C Mk 3’s - none of which
were fitted for AAR at the time were based at Lyneham. During the period of the Falklands conflict, the offensive
aircraft of the RAF and Royal Navy inevitably attracted most
public attention; but it is certain that these aircraft could
not have operated effectively, if at all, without the support
provided by the tanker and transport forces.
Of the latter,
the Hercules demonstrated once again the versatility and
reliability of a proven thoroughbred, and the air and ground
crews showed a high degree of professional skill to mount,
as a daily routine, long-endurance missions of a kind previously
considered to be one-off special flights. |