Moving now to the Chancel we
see the latest addition to the Church. The old chancel was
in
such a state of disrepair in 1863 that the famous Victorian
architect William Butterfield,
in charge of restoration, designed a completely new and much
large one.
His architectural signature was always the provision of
much mosaic or tiling inset into the walls and usually a
reredos with a gable behind the High Altar. At Lyneham this
work was all covered or removed in 1954 as it offended the
taste of the period! The patters of tiles can still be seen
under the colourwash concealing them.
These patterns were carried through more simply into the
nave above the windows and arcading, covered now by colourwash.
The furnishings are somewhat nondescript, but a fine set
of bronze
candlesticks and altar cross were presented
in 1935 and silver-plated 1958.
A Royal Air Force Standard and a church banner
flank the altar, marking the fact that this ancient parish
church is also the station church for RAF Lyneham. In July
2004, the licensing of a a new priest was a landmark
occasion for the community, because the local church
has been served proudly by the Royal Air Force Chaplaincy
for over 40 years.
The East window is filled with a pleasant late Victorial
stained glass by Gibbs. It depicts the resurrection of
Our Lord, and also adds to the other memorial to the Heneage
family. There is a larger image of the East window in the
church gallery, click
here
Chancel
In architecture, the eastern part of a Christian church
where the choir and clergy sit, formerly kept separate
from the nave by an open-work screen or rail. In some
medieval churches the screen is very high, so that the
congregation is completely shut off. The choir stalls
and the rector's pew are in the chancel, and the altar
or communion table on a raised platform at the far end.
The word "chancel" derives from the French usage
of chancel from a Late Latin word cancelli meaning "lattice".
The grating in question separated the chancel from the
nave, thus "chancel" refers
to the part of a church near the main altar used by the
priests and open to the choir.
Altar - The Background
Altars in the Anglican Communion vary widely. At
the time of the Reformation, altars were fixed against
the
east
end of the church, and the priests would celebrate the
Mass standing at the front of the altar. Beginning with
the rubrics of the Second Prayer Book of Edward VI published
in 1552, and through the 1662 Book of Common Prayer (which
prevailed for almost 300 years), the priest is directed
to stand "at the north syde of the Table [altar]."
This
was variously interpreted over the years to mean the
north side of the front of a fixed altar, the north end
of a
fixed altar (ie., facing south), the north side of a
free-standing altar (presumably facing those intending
to receive the
Elements who would be sitting in the quire stalls opposite),
or at the north end of a free-standing altar placed lengthwise
in the chancel, facing a congregation seated in the nave.
Often, where a celebrant chose to situate himself was
meant to convey his churchmanship (that is, more Reformed
or more Catholic). The use of candles or tabernacles were
banned by canon law, with the only appointed adornment
being a white linen cloth.
Beginning with the Catholic Revival in the 19th Century,
the appearance of Anglican altars took a dramatic turn
in many churches. Candles and, in some cases, tabernacles
were reintroduced. In some churches two candles, on each
end of the altar, were used; in other cases six - three
on either side of a tabernacle, typically surmounted by
a crucifix or some other image of Christ.
In Anglican practice, conformity to a given standard depends
on the ecclesiastical province and/or the liturgical sensibilities
of a given parish. In the Parson's Handbook, an influential
manual for priests popular in the early-to-mid-twentieth
century, Percy Dearmer recommends the size of an altar
be "as nearly as possible 3 ft. 3 in. high, and at
least deep enough to take a corporal [the square of linen
placed underneath the Communion vessels] 20 in. square
with a foot or more to spare." He also recommends
that the altar stand upon three steps for each of the three
sacred ministers, and that it be decorated with a silk
frontal in the seasonal colour. In some cases, other manuals
suggest that a stone be set in the top of wooden altars,
in the belief that the custom be maintained of consecrating
the bread and wine on a stone surface.
In many other Anglican
parishes, the custom is considerably less rigorous, especially
in those parishes which use free-standing altars. Typically,
these altars are made of wood, and may or may not have
a solid front, which may or may not be ornamented. In
many Anglican parishes, the use of frontals has persisted.
When altars are placed away from the wall of the chancel
allowing a westward orientation, only two candles are placed
on either end of it, since six would obscure the liturgical
action, undermining the intent of a westward orientation
(ie., that it be visible to the congregation). In such
an arrangement, a tabernacle may stand to one side of or
behind the altar, or an aumbry may be used.
Sensibilities concerning the sanctity of the altar are
widespread in Anglicanism. In some parishes, the notion
that the surface of the altar should only be touched by
those in holy orders is maintained. In others, there is
considerably less strictness.
Nonetheless, the continued
popularity of altar rails in Anglican church construction
suggests that a sense of the sanctity of the altar and
its surrounding area persists. In most cases, moreover,
the practice of allowing only those items that have been
blessed to be placed on the altar is maintained (that
is, the linen cloth, candles, missal, and the Eucharistic
vessels).